Monday, 4 March 2024

ITERATIVE STATEMENTS:

 ITERATIVE STATEMENTS:

**********************

LOOP:

***** 

-->It is a process of executing 1 or more statements repeatedly until a condition is satisfied.

-->Loops repeat a statement or sequence of statements in multiple times.

-->It is used when we want to repeat the execution of one or more statements.

-->Conditions is a boolean value or expression.

Oracle supports to work with the following 3 Looping constructs


1.SIMPLE LOOP

2.WHILE LOOP

3.FOR LOOP


-- SINGLE LINE COMMENT

/* STATEMENTS */ --MULTILINE COMMENT


SIMPLE LOOP Syntax:

*******************

INFINITE LOOP:

**************

LOOP

STATEMENTS;

END LOOP;


FINITE LOOP:

************

LOOP

STATEMENTS;

EXIT WHEN CONDITION;

END LOOP;


EX:

***

DECLARE

N NUMBER:=1;

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(N);

END;

/

DECLARE

A NUMBER :=1;

B NUMBER :=2;

C NUMBER :=3;

D NUMBER :=4;

E NUMBER :=5;

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(A);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(B);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(C);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(D);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(E);

END;

/

--INFINITE LOOP

DECLARE

N NUMBER:=1;

BEGIN

LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(N);

N:=N+1;

END LOOP;

END;

/

DECLARE

N NUMBER :=1;

BEGIN

LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(N);

EXIT WHEN N=10;

N :=N+1; 

END LOOP;

END;

/

--FINITE LOOP

DECLARE

N NUMBER:=1;

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BEFORE LOOP');  

LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(N);

EXIT WHEN N>=10;

N:=N+1;

END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('OUT OF THE LOOP');

END;

/

DECLARE

N NUMBER:=1;

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BEFORE LOOP');

LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(N);

IF N>=10 THEN

EXIT;

END IF;

N:=N+1;

END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('OUT OF THE LOOP');

END;

/

--PRINT EACH CHARACTER OF A NAME ONE BY ONE UNTIL ALL CHARACTERS ARE PRINTED

DECLARE

V_NAME VARCHAR2(50):='ORACLE ERP';

V_LENGTH NUMBER;

V_CHAR_NAME VARCHAR2(50);

N NUMBER:=0;

BEGIN

V_LENGTH :=LENGTH(V_NAME);

LOOP

N :=N+1;

V_CHAR_NAME:=SUBSTR(V_NAME,N,1);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('CHARACTER IS :'||V_CHAR_NAME);

EXIT WHEN N>=V_LENGTH;

END LOOP;

END;

/

WHILE LOOP SYNTAX:

******************

WHILE (CONDITION)

LOOP

STATEMENT1;

STATEMENT2;

STATEMENTN;

END LOOP;

/

-->Write a program to display 1st 5 natural numbers?

DECLARE

N NUMBER :=1;

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BEFORE LOOP');

WHILE (N<=5)

LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(N);

N:=N+1;

END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('OUT OF THE LOOP');

END;

/

--Write a program to display 1st n natural numbers?

DECLARE

  x NUMBER;

  n NUMBER:=&n;

BEGIN

  x:=1;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BEFORE LOOP');

  WHILE x<=n

  LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(x);

  x:=x+1;

  END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('OUT OF THE LOOP');

END;

/

--To display 1 to 10 numbers horizontally

DECLARE

N NUMBER :=1;

V VARCHAR2(30);

BEGIN

WHILE N<=10

LOOP

V :=V||' '||N;

N :=N+1;

END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(V);

END;

/

-->Write a program to display 1st n ODD numbers?

DECLARE

  x NUMBER;

  n NUMBER:=&n;

BEGIN

  x:=1;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BEFORE LOOP');

  WHILE x<=n

  LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(x);

  x:=x+2;

  END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('OUT OF THE LOOP');

END;

/

-->Write a program to display Mathematical Table Of a Given Number?

DECLARE

  n NUMBER:=&n;

  i NUMBER;

  p NUMBER;

BEGIN

  i:=1;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BEFORE LOOP');

  WHILE i<=10

  LOOP

p:=n*i;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(n||' * '||i||' = '||p);

i:=i+1;

  END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('OUT OF THE LOOP');

END;

/

--PRINT EACH CHARACTER OF A NAME ONE BY ONE UNTIL ALL CHARACTERS ARE PRINTED

DECLARE

V_NAME VARCHAR2(50):='ORACLE ERP';

V_LENGTH NUMBER;

V_CHAR_NAME VARCHAR2(50);

N NUMBER:=0;

BEGIN

V_LENGTH :=LENGTH(V_NAME);

WHILE (N<V_LENGTH)

LOOP

N :=N+1;

V_CHAR_NAME:=SUBSTR(V_NAME,N,1);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('CHARACTER IS :'||V_CHAR_NAME);

END LOOP;

END;



FOR LOOP SYNTAX:

****************

-->This looping construct will support to execute 1 or more statements based on given range of values.

-->Variable used at FOR looping construct does not required its declaration.

-->Variable need not be initialised and it does not require increment.

-->Variable will act like a local variable, which means it works only in that block where it is used.


SYNTAX:

*******

FOR VARIABLENAME IN LOWERBOUND..UPPERBOUND

LOOP

STATEMENTS;

END LOOP;

/

FOR var IN [ REVERSE ] lower_bound..upper_bound

LOOP

statement 1;

statement 2;

.......

statement n;

END LOOP;

When REVERSE option is used it will make a loop work in reverse order.


/

EX:

****

-->Write a program to display 1st 5 natural numbers using FOR looping construct?

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BEFORE LOOP');

FOR I IN 1..5

LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('NUMBER :'||I);

END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('OUT OF THE LOOP');

END;

/

DECLARE

A NUMBER :=1;

B NUMBER :=10;

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BEFORE FOR LOOP');

FOR I IN A..B

LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Inside For Loop :'||I);

END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('AFTER FOR LOOP');

END;

/

-->Write a program to display 1st n natural numbers using FOR looping construct?

DECLARE

  n NUMBER:=&n;

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BEFORE LOOP');

  FOR i IN 1..n

  LOOP

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i);

  END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('OUT OF THE LOOP');

END;

/

-->Write a program to display 1st 5 Natural Numbers in Reverse Order?

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BEFORE LOOP');

  FOR i IN REVERSE 1..5

  LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Inside For Loop:'||I);

  END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('OUT OF THE LOOP');

END;

/

-->Write a program to display Reverse of a given String?

DECLARE

  str VARCHAR2(12):='&str';

  rev VARCHAR2(12);

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BEFORE LOOP');

  rev:=' ';

  FOR i IN REVERSE 1..LENGTH(str)

  LOOP

rev:=rev||SUBSTR(str,i,1);

  END LOOP;

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('REVERSE OF A STRING IS ......'||rev);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('OUT OF THE LOOP');

END;

/

--PRINT EACH CHARACTER OF A NAME ONE BY ONE UNTIL ALL CHARACTERS ARE PRINTED

DECLARE

V_NAME VARCHAR2(50):='ORACLE ERP';

V_LENGTH NUMBER;

V_CHAR_NAME VARCHAR2(50);

--N NUMBER:=0;

BEGIN

V_LENGTH :=LENGTH(V_NAME);

--WHILE(N<V_LENGTH)

FOR N IN 1..V_LENGTH

LOOP

--N :=N+1;

V_CHAR_NAME:=SUBSTR(V_NAME,N,1);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('CHARACTER IS :'||V_CHAR_NAME);

END LOOP;

END;

/

--multiplication table using for loop

DECLARE

A NUMBER :=:A;

B NUMBER;

BEGIN

FOR I IN 1..10

LOOP

B :=A * I;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(A||'  *  '||I||'   =    '||B);

END LOOP;

END;

/

*

**

***

****

*****

/

DECLARE

RES VARCHAR2(20);

BEGIN

FOR I IN 1..5

LOOP

   RES :='';

   FOR J IN 1..I

   LOOP

   RES :=RES||'*'||' ';

   END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(RES);   

END LOOP;   

END;

/

*****

****

***

**

*

/

DECLARE

RES VARCHAR2(20);

BEGIN

FOR I IN REVERSE 1..5

LOOP

   RES :='';

   FOR J IN 1..I

   LOOP

   RES :=RES||'*'||' ';

   END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(RES);   

END LOOP;   

END;

/

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